Virginia’s state income tax is a graduated system with rates ranging from 2% to 5.75%. It’s not a true flat tax, but the top bracket kicks in at just $17,000 of taxable income, so most of your employees will have withholding calculated at or near that 5.75% rate. You report and remit state withholding using Form VA-5, filed monthly or quarterly depending on the size of your tax liability. If you’re coming from a state like Texas or Florida with no income tax, this is an entirely new filing obligation. If you’re coming from a state like California with much higher rates and more complex brackets, Virginia’s system will feel simpler.

One thing Virginia doesn’t have is a state disability insurance tax. States like California, New Jersey, and New York require employers or employees to contribute to a state disability fund through payroll deductions. Virginia has no such requirement, which means fewer line items on each paycheck and fewer state-level filings related to disability coverage.

New hire reporting in Virginia requires you to report every new employee to the Virginia New Hire Reporting Center within 20 days of their start date. This is federally mandated across all states, but the specific agency and timeline vary. Virginia’s 20-day window is standard, though some states give you less time. Miss this and you’re out of compliance with child support enforcement requirements, which is the primary reason the reporting exists.

Workers’ compensation insurance is required once you have three or more employees in Virginia. Certain industries like construction trigger the requirement at two employees. This is more lenient than states that require workers’ comp from the very first employee, so if you’re growing from one or two people, know exactly when your obligation starts.

The local tax layer is where Virginia really stands apart from most states. Many Virginia localities impose a Business Professional and Occupational License tax (BPOL) based on gross receipts, and a Business Personal Property tax on equipment, furniture, and vehicles used in the business. These aren’t payroll taxes in the traditional sense, but they’re business-level taxes that affect your total cost of operating and employing people in a given county or city. If you’ve only operated in states without local business taxes, this can catch you off guard. Fairfax County, Arlington, Alexandria, and Loudoun all have their own rates and rules.

Paid sick leave is another area where locality matters. Virginia doesn’t have a statewide paid sick leave mandate, but certain localities have enacted their own requirements. If your employees work across different Northern Virginia jurisdictions, you may need to track different leave policies depending on where the work is performed.

Running payroll correctly in Virginia means staying on top of both the state-level requirements and the local obligations that vary by jurisdiction. For business owners in Northern Virginia especially, the combination of state withholding, local taxes, and locality-specific rules creates more complexity than you’d find in many other states. Working with bookkeepers in Fairfax who understand these layers helps you avoid missed filings and unexpected tax bills. And if you’d rather not manage payroll in-house at all, outsourcing to a full-service payroll provider who knows Virginia’s requirements means the deposits, filings, and compliance details are handled correctly from the start.